DRA，即数据恢复指导（Data Recovery Advisor，很多书也称数据恢复顾问），它是一个诊断和修复数据库问题的工具。共有两个接口：RMAN应用程序和Enterprise Manager。DRA能够生成脚本来修复数据文件和（在某些环境下）控制文件受到的损坏：它不提供有关服务器参数文件或联机重做日志文件问题的建议。DRA依赖于自动诊断知识库（ADR，Automatic Diagnostic Repository）和Health Monitor。
[jeff@rhel55 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL*Plus: Release 11.2.0.1.0 Production on Wed Oct 3 10:29:05
Copyright (c) 1982, , Oracle. All rights reserved.
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> startup
SQL> archive log list
Database log mode No Archive Mode
Automatic archival Disabled
Archive destination USE_DB_RECOVERY_FILE_DEST
Oldest online log sequence 28
Current log sequence 30
SQL> shutdown immediate;
SQL> startup mount;
SQL> quit
[jeff@rhel55 ~]$ mv /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf /home/jeff/sysaux01.dbf#模拟数据库引发一个错误，然后使用DRA报告
[jeff@rhel55 ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> list backup of tablespace sysaux;
RMAN> backup as backupset tablespace sysaux;
RMAN> shutdown immediate;
RMAN> exit;
Recovery Manager complete.
[jeff@rhel55 ~]$ sqlplus /nolog
SQL> conn / as sysdba
SQL> startup
ORACLE instance started.
Total System Global Area 636100608 bytes
Fixed Size 1338392 bytes
Variable Size 478151656 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 5615616 bytes
Database mounted.
ORA-01157: cannot identify/lock data file 2 - see DBWR trace file
ORA-01110: data file 2: '/u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf'
SQL> quit
[jeff@rhel55 ~]$ rman target /
RMAN> list failure;
RMAN> advise failure;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
19482 HIGH OPEN 03-OCT-12 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
RMAN> advise failure;
List of Database Failures
=========================
Failure ID Priority Status Time Detected Summary
---------- -------- --------- ------------- -------
19482 HIGH OPEN 03-OCT-12 One or more non-system datafiles are missing
analyzing automatic repair options; this may take some time
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=17 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=21 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=22 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=23 device type=DISK
analyzing automatic repair options complete
Mandatory Manual Actions
========================
no manual actions available
Optional Manual Actions
=======================
1. If file /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf was unintentionally renamed or moved, restore it
Automated Repair Options
========================
Option Repair Description
------ ------------------
1 NOARCHIVELOG mode restore datafile 2
Strategy: The repair includes complete media recovery with no data loss
Repair script. /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2495954950.hm
RMAN> exit
Recovery Manager complete.
[jeff@rhel55 ~]$ more /u01/app/oracle/diag/rdbms/orcl/orcl/hm/reco_2495954950.hm
# NOARCHIVELOG mode restore datafile
restore datafile 2;
recover datafile 2;
[jeff@rhel55 ~]$ rman target /
Recovery Manager: Release 11.2.0.1.0 - Production on Wed Oct 3 09:52:05
Copyright (c) 1982, , Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
connected to target database: ORCL (DBID=130769, not open)
RMAN> restore datafile 2;
Starting restore at 03-OCT-12
using target database control file instead of recovery catalog
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_1
channel ORA_DISK_1: SID=21 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_2
channel ORA_DISK_2: SID=17 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_3
channel ORA_DISK_3: SID=20 device type=DISK
allocated channel: ORA_DISK_4
channel ORA_DISK_4: SID=18 device type=DISK
channel ORA_DISK_1: starting datafile backup set restore
channel ORA_DISK_1: specifying datafile(s) to restore from backup set
channel ORA_DISK_1: restoring datafile 00002 to /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
channel ORA_DISK_1: reading from backup piece /u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupse t/_10_03/o1_mf_nnndf_TAG1003T094211_86q5znqo_.bkp
channel ORA_DISK_1: piece handle=/u01/app/oracle/flash_recovery_area/ORCL/backupset/_10_03/ o1_mf_nnndf_TAG1003T094211_86q5znqo_.bkp tag=TAG1003T094211
channel ORA_DISK_1: restored backup piece 1
channel ORA_DISK_1: restore complete, elapsed time: 00:01:06
Finished restore at 03-OCT-12
RMAN> recover datafile 2;
Starting recover at 03-OCT-12
using channel ORA_DISK_1
using channel ORA_DISK_2
using channel ORA_DISK_3
using channel ORA_DISK_4
starting media recovery
media recovery complete, elapsed time: 00:00:00
Finished recover at 03-OCT-12
RMAN> startup force
Oracle instance started
database mounted
database opened
Total System Global Area 636100608 bytes
Fixed Size 1338392 bytes
Variable Size 478151656 bytes
Database Buffers 150994944 bytes
Redo Buffers 5615616 bytes
RMAN> report schema;
Report of database schema for database with db_unique_name ORCL
List of Permanent Datafiles
===========================
File Size(MB) Tablespace RB segs Datafile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ------- ------------------------
1 790 SYSTEM *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/system01.dbf
2 940 SYSAUX *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/sysaux01.dbf
3 1035 UNDOTBS1 *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/undotbs01.dbf
4 231 USERS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/users01.dbf
5 100 EXAMPLE *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/example01.dbf
6 200 RMAN_TBS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/rman_tbs.dbf
7 100 STORE_TBS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/store_tbs.dbf
8 100 FSDATA *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/fsdata01.dbf
9 100 USERS *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/users02.dbf
10 100 TOOLS_BF *** /u01/app/oracle/oradata/tools_bf01.dbf
11 5 TBS1 *** /u01/app/oracle/product/11.0.2/db_1/dbs/tbs01.dbf
List of Temporary Files
=======================
File Size(MB) Tablespace Maxsize(MB) Tempfile Name
---- -------- -------------------- ----------- --------------------
1 62 TEMP 32767 /u01/app/oracle/oradata/orcl/temp01.dbf
RMAN>exit
Recovery Manager complete.
当然，这也可以用Enterprise Manager来做，过程都差不多的，下面是我恢复的结果：
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