WPF and Silverlight 学习笔记（六）：WPF窗体

一、窗体类

在Visual Studio和Expression Blend中，自定义的窗体均继承System.Windows.Window类（类型化窗体）。定义的窗体由两部分组成：

1、XAML文件

1: <Window

2:xmlns="/winfx//xaml/presentation"

3:xmlns:x="/winfx//xaml"

4:x:Class="WpfWindow.BasicWindow"

5:x:Name="Window"

6:Title="BasicWindow"

7:Width="300" Height="200">

8:<Canvas>

9: <Button x:Name="btnMessage" Width="79" Height="24" Content="OK"

10: Canvas.Left="172" Canvas.Top="93" Click="btnMessage_Click"/>

11: <TextBox x:Name="txtValue" Width="215" Height="25"

12: Canvas.Left="36" Canvas.Top="48" Text="" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>

13:</Canvas>

14: </Window>

2、后台代码文件

1: using System;

2: using System.Windows;

3:

4: namespace WpfWindow

5: {

6:public partial class BasicWindow : Window

7:{

8: public BasicWindow()

9: {

10: this.InitializeComponent();

11: }

12:

13: private void btnMessage_Click(object sender, System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs e)

14: {

15: txtValue.Text = "Hello World";

16: }

17:}

18: }

也可以将后台代码放在XAML文件中，上面的例子可以改写为：

1: <Window

2:xmlns="/winfx//xaml/presentation"

3:xmlns:x="/winfx//xaml"

4:x:Class="WpfWindow.BasicWindow"

5:x:Name="Window"

6:Title="BasicWindow"

7:Width="300" Height="200">

8:<Canvas>

9: <Button x:Name="btnMessage" Width="79" Height="24" Content="OK"

10: Canvas.Left="172" Canvas.Top="93" Click="btnMessage_Click"/>

11: <x:Code><![CDATA[

12: void btnMessage_Click(object sender, System.Windows.RoutedEventArgs e)

13: {

14: txtValue.Text = "Hello World";

15: }

16: ]]>

17: </x:Code>

18: <TextBox x:Name="txtValue" Width="215" Height="25"

19: Canvas.Left="36" Canvas.Top="48" Text="" TextWrapping="Wrap"/>

20:</Canvas>

21: </Window>

二、窗体的生存周期

1、显示窗体

构造方法Show()、ShowDialog()方法：Show()方法显示非模态窗口，ShowDialog()方法显示模态窗口Loaded事件：窗体第一次Show()或ShowDialog()时引发的事件，通常在此事件中加载窗体的初始化数据

2、关闭窗体

Close()方法：关闭窗体，并释放窗体的资源Closing事件、Closed事件：关闭时、关闭后引发的事件，通常在Closing事件中提示用户是否退出。

3、窗体的激活

Activate()方法：激活某窗体Activated、Deactivated事件：当窗体激动、失去焦点时引发的事件

4、窗体的生存周期

示例程序：

在窗体载入时显示当前日期，并开始播放媒体当窗体失去焦点时暂停播放媒体当窗体重新获得焦点时继承播放窗体当点击窗体的关闭按钮时，询问用户是否退出应用程序

XAML文件：

1: <Window x:Class="WpfWindow.WindowLifeCycle"

2:xmlns="/winfx//xaml/presentation"

3:xmlns:x="/winfx//xaml"

4:Title="WindowLifeCycle" Height="200" Width="300"

5: Loaded="Window_Loaded"

6: Activated="Window_Activated"

7: Deactivated="Window_Deactivated"

8: Closing="Window_Closing">

9:<Canvas>

10: <TextBlock Canvas.Right="15" Canvas.Bottom="15" Height="21" Name="txtDate"/>

11: <MediaElement Canvas.Left="89" Canvas.Top="12" Height="100" Width="100"

12: Name="myMedia" Source="numbers.wmv"

13: Stretch="Fill" LoadedBehavior="Manual" />

14:</Canvas>

15: </Window>

代码文件：

1: using System;

2: using System.Windows;

3:

4: namespace WpfWindow

5: {

6:public partial class WindowLifeCycle : Window

7:{

8: public WindowLifeCycle()

9: {

10: InitializeComponent();

11: }

12:

13: // 开关变量，判断是否正在播放媒体

14: private bool isPlaying;

15:

16: private void Window_Loaded(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

17: {

18: // 窗体加载时，显示当前日期及开始播放媒体

19: txtDate.Text = DateTime.Now.ToString("yyyy-MM-dd");

20:

21: myMedia.Play();

22: isPlaying = true;

23: }

24:

25: private void Window_Activated(object sender, EventArgs e)

26: {

27: // 如果窗体被激活，则继承播放媒体

28: if (!isPlaying)

29: {

30: myMedia.Play();

31: isPlaying = true;

32: }

33: }

34:

35: private void Window_Deactivated(object sender, EventArgs e)

36: {

37: // 如果窗体失去焦点，则暂停播放媒体

38: if (isPlaying)

39: {

40: myMedia.Pause();

41: isPlaying = false;

42: }

43: }

44:

45: private void Window_Closing(object sender, ponentModel.CancelEventArgs e)

46: {

47: // 点击窗体的“关闭”按钮，询问用户是否退出程序

48:

49: string message = "Quit the application?";

50: string title = "System Information";

51: MessageBoxButton button = MessageBoxButton.OKCancel;

52: MessageBoxImage img = MessageBoxImage.Question;

53:

54: MessageBoxResult result = MessageBox.Show(

55: message, title, button, img);

56:

57: if (result == MessageBoxResult.Cancel)

58: {

59: e.Cancel = true; // 取消退出

60: }

61: }

62:}

63: }

三、其他窗体相关的属性、方法、事件

WPF窗体的详细的属性、方法、事件请参考MSDN，有很多的属性、方法、事件与Windows应用程序中System.Windows.Forms.Form类相同或近似，其中常用的一些属性、方法、事件有：

窗体边框模式（WindowStyle属性）和是否允许更改窗体大小（ResizeMode属性）窗体启动位置（WindowStartupLocation属性）和启动状态（WindowState属性）窗体标题（Title属性）始终在最前（TopMost属性）是否显示在任务栏（ShowInTaskbar）

四、定义异形窗体

使用异形窗体，可以将窗体的背景设置为透明，边框设置为空，然后利用控件做出异形的窗体，例如：

XAML：

1: <Window x:Class="WpfWindow.CustomerWindow"

2:xmlns="/winfx//xaml/presentation"

3:xmlns:x="/winfx//xaml"

4:Title="NonRectangularWindowSample" SizeToContent="WidthAndHeight"

5:MouseLeftButtonDown="NonRectangularWindow_MouseLeftButtonDown"

6:WindowStyle="None"

7:AllowsTransparency="True"

8:Background="Transparent">

9:<Canvas Width="200" Height="200" >

10: <Path Stroke="DarkGray" StrokeThickness="2">

11: <Path.Fill>

12: <LinearGradientBrush StartPoint="0.2,0" EndPoint="0.8,1" >

13: <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0"></GradientStop>

14: <GradientStop Color="White" Offset="0.45"></GradientStop>

15: <GradientStop Color="LightBlue" Offset="0.9"></GradientStop>

16: <GradientStop Color="Gray" Offset="1"></GradientStop>

17: </LinearGradientBrush>

18: </Path.Fill>

19: <Path.Data>

20: <PathGeometry>

21: <PathFigure StartPoint="40,20" IsClosed="True">

22:<LineSegment Point="160,20"></LineSegment>

23:<ArcSegment Point="180,40" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment>

24:<LineSegment Point="180,80"></LineSegment>

25:<ArcSegment Point="160,100" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment>

26:<LineSegment Point="90,100"></LineSegment>

27:<LineSegment Point="90,150"></LineSegment>

28:<LineSegment Point="60,100"></LineSegment>

29:<LineSegment Point="40,100"></LineSegment>

30:<ArcSegment Point="20,80" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment>

31:<LineSegment Point="20,40"></LineSegment>

32:<ArcSegment Point="40,20" Size="20,20" SweepDirection="Clockwise"></ArcSegment>

33: </PathFigure>

34: </PathGeometry>

35: </Path.Data>

36: </Path>

37: <Label Width="200" Height="120" FontSize="15" HorizontalContentAlignment="Center" VerticalContentAlignment="Center">Drag Me</Label>

38: <Button Canvas.Left="155" Canvas.Top="30" Click="closeButtonRectangle_Click">

39: <Button.Template>

40: <ControlTemplate>

41: <Canvas>

42:<Rectangle Width="15" Height="15" Stroke="Black" RadiusX="3" RadiusY="3">

43: <Rectangle.Fill>

44: <SolidColorBrush x:Name="myAnimatedBrush" Color="Red" />

45: </Rectangle.Fill>

46:</Rectangle>

47:<Line X1="3" Y1="3" X2="12" Y2="12" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="2"></Line>

48:<Line X1="12" Y1="3" X2="3" Y2="12" Stroke="White" StrokeThickness="2"></Line>

49: </Canvas>

50: </ControlTemplate>

51: </Button.Template>

52: </Button>

53:</Canvas>

54: </Window>

代码文件：

1: using System.Windows;

2: using System.Windows.Input;

3:

4: namespace WpfWindow

5: {

6:public partial class CustomerWindow : Window

7:{

8: public CustomerWindow()

9: {

10: InitializeComponent();

11: }

12:

13: void NonRectangularWindow_MouseLeftButtonDown(object sender, MouseButtonEventArgs e)

14: {

15: this.DragMove();

16: }

17:

18: void closeButtonRectangle_Click(object sender, RoutedEventArgs e)

19: {

20: this.Close();

21: }

22:}

23: }

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