u英语音标表、字母表-----字母、字母组合发音规律记忆口诀
一、尝试用“胸腔辅助送力---—口腔后部发声法”背诵念读26个英文字母，感觉学习标准发音，直到感觉音准，流利，升降调式自如为止。
印刷体：大写AB C DEF G HIJ K L M NOP Q R S TUV W XYZ
小写ab c def g hij k l m nop q r s tuv w xyz
手写体倾斜：（注意四线格占格要求）
大写A B C D E F G H I J K L M N O P Q R S T U V W X Y Z
小写a b c d e f g h i j k l m n o p q r s t u v w x y z
u先观察以上字母的读音，然后，把含有共同元音因素的字母进行分类：
(1)[ei]___[] ___[] ___[] ___[]
(2)[i:]___[] ___[] ___[] ___[] ___[] ___[] ___[] ___[] ___[]
(3)[ai]___[] ___[]
(4)[Eu]___[]
(5)[u:]___[] ___[] ___[]
(6)[e]___[] ___[] ___[] ___[] ___[] ___[]
(7)[a:]___[]
二、英语中元音和辅音(母音和子音)的分类表
英语音标（采用口腔后部发声法发音）
发音特征
元
音*母音
单元音
声带振动
前元音：[i:/ I:] [i] [e] [A]
发音清晰响亮
气流通畅
中元音：[Q] [E] [E: / \:]
后元音：[a:] [C:] [C] [u:] [u]
双元音
振动
[ai] [ei] [Ci] [iE] [ZE/ eE] [uE] [au] [Eu]
辅
音*子音
哑辅音
不振动
[p][t][k][f][s][W][F][h][tF][tr][ts]
发音含糊晦涩
气流受阻
浊辅音
振动
[b][d][g][v][z][T][V][r][dV][dr][dz]
[m][n][N][l]/[l][w][j]
辅音连缀
[pr][pl][br][bl][kr][kl][gr][gl][fr][fl][sn][sl][sk][sp][sw][dw][hw][kw][tw] [Wr] [pju:][bju:][tju:][dju:][kju:][gju:][fju:][vju:][lju:][mju:][nju:][hju:][zju
三、英语拼音怎么来拼读：(也就是单词的音标怎么读。/与我们汉语拼音很相似)
（拼读规则：以元音为中心划分音节，按音节来拼读。）
拼读口诀：元音为中心，划分音节、按音节拼读；多音节加重音、多音节一重多轻发音，轻音节怎么轻怎么发音。重开音节读长音，轻/闭音节读短音。例子：he[hi:], name [neim], table[`teibl], bicycle[`baisikl], teacher[`ti:tFE], red, cap, and, thank, basket, yellow, umbrella,
*****{详细内容见后面第五节(本材料第8页)：五、音节划分。。。}
u小测试：音标拼读练习。
[ai] + [E] →[aiE] [au]+ [E]→ [auE][h]+ [iE]→ [hiE][p]+ [ZE] →[pZE] [t]+[Ci] →[tCi]
[ei]+ [tF]→ [eitF][tF] +[ei]→[tFei] [g]+[Eu]→[gEu] [k]+[au]→[kau] [sn]+[Eu]→[snEu]
[pr]+[au]→[prau][pl]+[ei]→[plei] [gr]+[i:]→[gri:][gl]+[u:]→[glu:][kl]+[B:]→[klB:]
[kl]+[B:]+[s]→[klB:s] [t]+[u:]+[W]→[tu:W] [br]+[au]+[n]→[braun] [r]+[Q]+[b]+[E]→[`rQbE]
[b]+[B:]+[s]+[k]+[i]+[t]→[`bB:skit][t]+[i:]+[tF]+[E]→[`ti:tFE]
[Q]+[m]+[br]+[e]+[l]+[E]→[Qm`brelE][bai]+[si]+[kl]→[`baisikl][brQ]+[TE]→[`brQTE]
四、英文字母和常见字母组合的发音规则（或一般规律）：
1.为什么要掌握字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律？目的只有一个，让我们能够做到------见字读音、音义结合。记住词形、服务拼写。第二步就是要
反过来，学会语音认字（类似我们的拼音认字），通过多加练习，逐步达到听音写字、音义结合的水平。第三步是形义结合，练习英语汉语意义对应翻译。
例1：假如你知道字母组合ee一般发音是[i:](规律),那么，meet这个单词就脱口而出了。
单词(词形)：meet词义：遇见；初次见面/认识；满足迎合；迎接/出迎。
[ __-__-__ ] → []读音/音标
例2：单词(词形)：which词义：哪个，哪些
[ __-__-__ ] → []读音/音标
例3：单词(词形)：whose词义：谁的？
[ __-__-__ ] → []读音/音标
例4：单词(词形)：please词义：请，求你了,
[ __-__-__ ] → []读音/音标
2.英语26个字母和常见字母组合的一般发音规律：（要求熟记于心，脱口而出）
总口诀：元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。
字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。遇见生词找规律，划分音节顺口连，
元音字母在中间，辅音字母两边站，字母组合算一个，熟能生巧难亦简。
辅音字母发音小口诀：辅音字母显易单，见面就把音来念。
b发[b], c发[k], ci(y) ce多发[s];例词：blue, table,Crisp, class, picture, actor, pencil, bicycle, nice,
d发[d], f [f], g发[g][dV], [V]少见;Sandy, dog, red, fly, coffee, green, egg, orange, garage
h [h], j发[dV], k / l [k] [l]可分连;her, here, his, jeep, Japan, book, look, blue, Klan class
m [m], n [n][N], p [p] q [k] r发[r];meet, am, no, green, thank, English, pen, cap,quickly, Crisp,
s最多[s]和[z],趋唇[F] [V]也常见; sir, this, sit, is, his, whose, please,sure[F], usually[V], pleasure
x发音剪头端，[ks]多于[gz]面；six, pencil-box, excuse, exercise;exam, (后接重读元音)
t发[t], v发[v], w辅音[w]来念；teacher, it, very, voice, river, with, swim, wash,which,white
最后一个字母z，发好[z]音才算完。zoo, zero, size, puzzle,
辅音字母一见发音表：
b
c
d
f
g
h
j
k
l
m
n
[b]
[k]cap
[d]
[f]
[g]egg
[h]
[dV]
[k]
[l]
[m]
[n]
[s]city
[dV]
[-l]
[N]g/k
table
rice
bed
coffee
orange
high
jeep
book
blue
meet
nose
blue
bicycle
dog
fly
garbage
hello
Japan
keep
ball
room
pen
[V]garage
table
thank
p
q
r
s
t
v
w
x
(y)
z
[p]
[k]
[r]
[s]desk
[t]
[v]
[w]
[ks]
[j]yes
[z]
[-r]
[z]easy
[gz]
[ai]my
pencil
quick
rose
[V]usually
sit
voice
wash
box
[i]busy
zoo
open
quarter
sorry
pleasure
teacher
invite
swim
exam
very
zero
teacher
[F]sure
little
quickly
freeze
常见辅音字母组合的发音口诀：字母组合固定音，千锤百炼习语感。
wh发音[h]和[w],th常发[W]和[T]；
ch/tch多发[tF],有时发音[F]或[k]；
sh [F], ph [f],gh不发或发[f](词尾)；
ge\dge多发[dV], ck发[k], kn [n];
ng易发[N] [Ng], qu发音[kw]和[k]。
wr发卷趋[r],双写分节不分音。{动词或复数词尾s /es,多发[s][z]/和[iz]; ts [ts] ds[dz]}
例词：
wh发音[h]和[w],
wh---[] which, white, what, where, when, why[] whose, who, whole {*whew [hw-]}
th常发[W]和[T]；th--- [] this, that, the, they, with[] thank, three, tooth, forth, eleventh
ch/tch多发[tF],有时发音[F]或[k]；
(t)ch---[] chicken, chair, child, sandwich, catch, watch chase(追赶，追击，追求),
[] ache, headache, chemist[] machine[mE`FEn], chaise [Feiz](带篷二轮马车)
sh [F], ph [f],gh不发或发[f](词尾)；sh---[] shoe, ship, sheep, fish, wash, ash
ph---[] photo, telephone, phrasegh---[] right, light, daughter[] laugh, cough
ge\dge多发[dV], ck发[k], kn [n];
(d)ge---[] orange, page, bridge, fridge, porridge(麦片粥，稀饭)
ck---[] black, kick, lock, back
kn---[] knife, know, knock, knee(膝盖), kneel(跪下), knit(编织), knob(球形把手,旋钮),
knack(诀窍), knight(骑士,武士; **《金山游侠》，金山公司出品的游戏修改软件),
ng易发[N] [Ng], qu发音[kw]和[k]。ng---[] sing, song, long, wing[] English, hungry
qu---[] quick, quite(相当，十分), quiet(安静的，平静的), quarter, require,
[] cheque(支票),unique(唯一，独有独特的), technique(技巧),
wr发卷趋[r],
wr---[] wrong, write, wrap(包，裹), wrist(手腕), wrest(拧，扭), wrestle(摔跤), wring(绞，扭)
双写分节不分音：miss, apple, egg, sorry, yellow, umbrella {双写元音字母：see, zoo, book}
ts/tes---[] its tail(它的尾巴), two baskets /boats(两个篮子/小船), my coats /shirts(我的上衣/衬衫), three hats(三顶帽子), five cats(五只猫), many streets(许多街道), two packets(两个包裹/两包..), some presents/ sweets(一些礼物/糖果), two biscuits(两块饼干), a box of chocolates(一包巧克力糖), ten minutes(十分钟), two gates(两扇大门),in my pockets(在我的口袋里), two lights /kites(两个灯/风筝), two nests(两个鸟巢/窝), two tea-pots(两个茶壶), some carrots(一些胡萝卜),What’sthis?It’sa pen. sits,
ds/des---[] two birds, two hands, English words, their beds, their heads, two blackboards, goods(商品/货物),
辅音连缀：pr ---[]practice, praise, pray, press, price, proud,
pl---[]please, play, plane, plan, place, plain, plenty(丰富,大量), pliers(钳子(如老虎钳,手钳,扁嘴钳等),镊子),
plod(沉重地走,辛勤工作), plop(扑通落下), plum(李子), plug(插头,插上),
br---[]brag(吹牛), brake(闸，刹车), brain, break, bread, breed(使)繁殖,教养,抚养), brown, bride(新娘),
bribe(贿赂,向…行贿), brush
bl---[]black, bleed, blind, blouse, blood, blue,
cr-/kr---[]crab(螃蟹),cradle(摇篮), cream, crop, cricket([昆]蟋蟀, [运动]板球)criticize(批评,责备),cry,
cruel(残忍的),kraut(泡菜), Kremlin(克里姆林宫),
cl-/kl---[]class, claim((根据权利)要求得到,认领,声称,主张,需要) clean, clear, clock, close, click(发出滴答
声,单击n.滴答声) ,club(俱乐部,夜总会,), klaxon(高音喇叭/气笛,电喇叭), Klan(=Ku Klux Klan)三K党)
gr---[]grade, grass, grape, graceful(优雅的，温文尔雅)，green, great, grief(悲痛,伤心事,不幸,忧伤),grin(露
齿笑,裂口笑), groan(呻吟(着说),gruffly(说话或态度粗暴地,粗声地,生硬地)
gl---[]glass, glad, gleam(发微光,使闪烁), glide(滑行,滑翔), globe(地球仪),glove(手套), glue(胶水/胶合)
fr---[]France, French, free, fresh(新鲜的,无经验的),frequent(频繁的),friend(朋友),fried, fry,frog(青蛙),
from(自，从)，front(前面,前线,阵线), fruit(水果,果实,果类,成果), frustrated(感到灰心/失败的)
fl---[]flat, flag, flame(火焰,热情), flap(拍打,鼓翼而飞,飘动), flares(喇叭裤), flash(闪光,闪现,一瞬间), flea
(跳蚤), flee(逃跑,逃走), fleer(狞笑,讥笑), flesh(肉,果肉), flinch(畏缩,退缩,畏首畏尾), floor(地板，楼层),
float(漂浮,浮舟,彩车), flood(洪水,水灾,淹没,涌进,涌出)flour(面粉), flow(流动, (河水)泛滥,洋溢), flower
(花), flu(流感), fly(飞翔，飞行)，flub(做得不好,弄糟), fluent(流利的,流畅的),
sl---[]slave(奴隶), slander(诽谤), slaughter(屠宰,残杀,屠杀),sleep(睡眠,睡觉),sleet(下/雨加雪,下冰雹),
sleeve(袖子), slice(薄片,切片), slim(苗条的,纤细的), slip(滑倒,失足), slogan(口号,标语), slow(ly)
(慢的/地),sly/ slily[slaili](狡猾的/地),
sm---[]small(小的,少的), smart(聪明的,漂亮的,灵巧地,时髦地), smarty (=wise guy自作聪明的人), smell
(气味,臭味, //嗅,闻到,散发(...的)气味,有(...的)气味), smile ((～at)微笑), smog(烟雾), smoke(n.烟,烟
尘,烟幕//v.抽烟,吸烟vi.冒烟), smuggle(n.走私,偷带v.走私),
sn---[]snow, snake, snack(吃)快餐/小吃)), snail(蜗牛), snap(猛咬), sneer(冷笑,轻蔑的笑), sneeze(打/喷嚏),
snob /snobling(势利的年轻人,势利小人),
sk---[]skate, skating, skirt, ski(=skee滑雪), skim(掠过,滑过,浏览), skin(皮肤,兽皮,皮毛), skint(身无分文
的,穷光蛋的), skip(跳,蹦,跳读), sky-blue(天蓝色的,淡蓝色,蔚蓝色)
sp---[] space(空间,间隔,距离,空地,余地), spade(铲,铁锹), Spain(西班牙), spare(多余的,剩下的/分让给),
spell, speak(说话,谈话,发言,演讲,说明事实,表示意见,操(某种语言)), spear ([spiE]矛,枪), specific([spi`sifik]特效药,详细而精确的,明确的), spice(香料,调味品,情趣), spider(蜘蛛), sport(运动,运动会), spume [spju:m](n.泡沫v.(使)起泡沫), spumous(adj.起泡沫的,泡沫状的), spur[spE:](n.踢马剌,剌激物v.鞭策), sputter[`spQtE](n.vi.vt.说话急快/唾沫飞溅/飞溅出/喷溅声), sputum[spju:tEm](唾液,痰), spy(特工,间谍,侦探,//秘密侦察),
st---[]stand, stamp(邮票,跺(脚),顿(足)), stage(舞台,戏剧,举行), star(星,恒星,明星,名角), start(动身,开始,着手
惊动,惊起,起动,发动), staff(棒,杖,杆,支柱,全体职员), stadium(露天运动场/体育场), step, steep(陡峭的),stick(棍,棒,手杖/粘住,粘贴), stop, student, stupid(愚蠢的,麻木的), stupidity(蠢事,糊涂事), stutter(口吃,结结巴巴的说), style(风格,时尚,文体),
sw---[] swab([swCb]n.拖把,药签,vt.拭抹,擦洗), swag(摇晃,水潭,垂花饰),swear(宣誓,发誓),sweat(n/v.(使)出汗),
sweater(厚运动衫,毛线衫),sweep(扫,打扫,清扫,席卷,冲光),sweepup(n.大扫除),sweet(甜的,可受的,美好的,芳香的/n.糖果),swim(swam,swum), swing(swang, swung,秋千,摇摆,摆动), swicky([美]威士忌酒),swig(n/v.痛饮,大喝特喝(尤指从瓶口喝的)),swiftly(迅速地,敏捷地),swindle(sb of…骗走某人的),swob(拖把,海棉),swobble(大口地吃),swoon(vi.昏晕,昏厥惊讶,酣睡n.狂喜,陶醉),swoop(n.突然下降,猛扑vt攫取vi.飞扑,突然袭击),sword(剑),swot(at../ for../up; vi.用功读书vt.用功学习n.苦读的人,辛苦的工作),
dw---[] dwarf([dwC:f]n.矮子,侏儒v.(使)变矮小), dwell(at../in...居住停留于;on../upon..细想,详述),
tw---[] twelve, twelfth, twenty, twentieth, twain([twein]n.两,双,二,一对), twin(s),twig([twig]n.嫩枝,小
枝,末梢), twice([twais]adv.两次,两倍),twiddle(with…v.玩弄,旋弄,捻),twill([twil]n.斜纹织物vt.把...织成斜纹adj.
斜纹织物的),twine([twain]n.合股线,细绳,麻线,搓v.搓,织,编饰, (使)缠绕), twinge([twindV]n.一阵一阵痛,如刺一样痛,剧痛vt.使一阵一阵痛,刺痛),twinkle([5twiNkl]v.闪烁,闪耀, (使)闪光n.闪烁,发光,牛眼),twist([twist]n.一扭,扭曲,手法,螺旋状vt.拧,扭曲,绞,搓,捻,使苦恼,使转动, vi.扭弯,扭曲,缠绕,扭动,呈螺旋形),two,
thr---[] three, thread(线，细丝,线索,思路,螺纹), threaten(恐吓,威胁),threnode(哀歌), thrive(兴旺,繁荣,茁壮成长,旺盛),throw(扔，抛，投，摔，掷，丢), through(通过，穿过，透过/〔时间〕从…的开始到末了，从头到尾；〔场
所〕到处，全面), throat(咽喉,喉咙,嗓音,窄路),throne(王座,君主),throstle (=wood thrush画眉鸟),thruput(吞吐量),thrust(力推,冲,插入,挤进,刺,戳),thrypsis([5Wripsis]粉碎性骨折),
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u提前练一练，看看有何难。小测试：
1).见字读音:写出下列单词的音标。
class [] this [] your [] you [] here [] Sandy [] Crisp []
2).音义结合：写出下列读音所对应的汉语意义。
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;
3).听音写字：根据音标写单词。
[klB:s] _______; [hiE] ______; [blu:] ______; [sku:lbAg] ___________; [kQm] ______;
[hu:z] ________ [it] ___ [pli:z] ________ [daun] _______ [`ru:lE] _______ [kQm] ____
4).形义结合：英汉互译（即，写出对应的英语或汉语意思）。
her -____; thank-_______;定冠词/这个或那个-______;书-______; rubber -_______;
小姐-______;帽子-_____; Sit down please. ________; Thank you. _______; Here you are.
_________; Yes, it is. ________; Come here, please. ___________;
字母L的两种读音口诀：音节开头发清音[l -],音节末尾模糊音[- l],
[l -]lazy, like, look, long, lubber ([`lQbE] adj.粗笨的,笨拙的n.傻大个), black, please, clock, color, toilet, holiday, English, Italian, nationality, lollipop,
[- l ]girl[E:l], ball [C:l], small, school[u:l], well[el], smell,level[(E)l],smile[ail], hill[il], old[Eul], cold, child[ail], children [il], full [ul], beautiful [ul], apple [pl], people, pupil, table [bl], impossible, label((贴)标签), little [tl], bottle, title, middle [dl], cradle(摇篮),bicycle [kl], eagle [gl], pencil [sl], puzzle [-zl], dazzle[5dAzl](眩目，晃眼，耀眼),
常见音节尾音总结：[i:l / il / el/ Al / Ql /El / E:l / C:l / Cl / u:l / ul / ail / eil / Cil / iEl / uEl / aul / Eul /]
[-pl / -bl / -tl / -dl / -kl /-gl / -fl / -vl / -sl / -zl /]
[-pEl / -bEl / -tEl / -dEl / -kEl /-gEl / -fEl / -vEl / -sEl / -zEl]
元音字母a e i(y) o u的发音口诀：元音字母音多变，熟记规则也不难。
重开音节多长音，[ei][i:][ai][Eu][ju:/u:]来拼；重闭音节/轻音短，[A][e][i][C][Q][u][E]
a接r /ss常发[B:/A],还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
重开音节i发[ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
u字多发[ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。
ay ,ey, o/uy，多发[ei][i],[Ci][ai]。r前元音常卷舌，S后弱音须强化。
相近发音不规则，省力顺口是关键。相近/强化加弱化，使得元音多变化。
例词：
a---[/ ei/B:/ A/ C:/ C/E/i /]强化音[ei]，弱化音[E]a接r /ss常发[B:/A],还有[ei][A] [C/C:][i] [E]。
name [ei], table [ei], car[B:], park [B:], class [B:], basket [B:/A],as [A],ass [A], father [B:],afterward(s) [B:/E](然后,后来), dollar[E],cap [A], catch [A], grammar[A/E],America[E],asleep,alone,afraid, banana[E /B:/E], woman [E], water [C:], watch [C], what [C], war[C:], orange [i],
e--- [/ i:/ e/ i / E/ -*(词尾空音)/]强化音[i:]，弱化音[E/ i]e的发音首数[e]，空尾/重[i:]轻[i][E]。
he[i:], she[i:], we[i:], me[i:],evening [i:], red [e], pencil [e],empty [e], desk [e], umbrella [e], French [e], basket [i], women [i], pretty [i], the[E / i:], children [E], open [E], hundred [E / i:],
/ -*(词尾空音)/----whose[z], house[s], nice[s], face[s], white[t], name[m], give[v], side[d], wake[k], prize[z], fine[n], tube[b], orange[dV], employee[i:](职工,雇员,店员), apple[pl], table[bl], little[tl], middle[dl], bicycle[kl], eagle[gl](鹰),
i---[ /ai / i:/ i / E /]强化音[ai/i:]，弱化音[E/ i]重开音节发[i: /ai]，重闭/轻音短[i][E]。
right [ai], bicycle [ai], white [ai], police [i:], this [i], which [i], his [i],building [i], beautiful [E], holiday [E],
o---[ /Eu/Q/C/C:/u:/ u/E / wQ-]强化音[Eu/ C:/u:]，弱化音[E]
o发长音[Eu][C:][u:]，短音[Q][C][E] one殊。
no [Eu], cold [Eu], those [Eu], come [Q], some [Q], mother [Q], brother [Q], son [Q], month [Q], dog [C], not [C], hot [C], sorry [C], shop [C], locker [C], box [C], orange [C:], whose [u:], who [u:], do [u:], to [u:], two [u:], woman [u], policeman [E], today [E],occasion [E](场合,时机,机会), aeroplane [E], //one [wQn], once [wQns], reservoir [`rezEvwB:],
u---[ /ju:/ Q /u / u: /i /]强化音[ju:/u:]，弱化音[i]u字多发[ju:]和[Q]，忙碌busy(i)加[u:][u]。
use [ju:], usually [ju:], tube [ju:], music [ju:], pupil [ju:], rubber [Q], umbrella [Q], mum [Q], hungry [Q], bus [Q], just [Q],cup [Q],put [u], full [u], pull [u], ruler [u:],Sue [u:],blue [u:],minute [i], busy [i]
y---[ /ai / j / i /]强化音[ai]，弱化音[i]y头发[j]重读[ai]，轻音/结尾[i]变来。
your [j], you [j], yes [j], yellow [j], young [j], my [ai], why [ai], tyre [ai], style [ai], fry [ai], cry [ai], bicycle [i], baby [i], ready [i], hungry [i], very [i], thirsty [i], empty [i], busy [i], body [i], slowly [i],
常见元音字母组合发音口诀：字母组合固定音，常受影响发音变；千锤百炼习语感。
组合爱发长/双元(音(重读音节))；常受影响发音变；为了顺口图方便，近似发音相变换。
另有强化加弱化，多个字母省略念。外来/古语不规则(发音)，熟读百遍字腔圆。
a--- ay[ei] day, say, play, way, weekday, birthday,// [i]Sunday, Monday, …
ar[B:] car, star, farm, are, park, garlic,// [E] dollar, collar, grammar, particular[pE`tikju:lE],
al[C:] all, ball, small, hall, walk, chalk, // [B:] half,
[C:l / Al / El]非组合式的情况：although[C:l], alga [`AlgE](藻类,海藻), algal [`AlgEl](adj.海藻的), algebra [Al`dVibrE](代数学), signal [lsigEl](信号/发信号,用信号通知),
au[C:] daughter, fault, audience, cause, August[`C:gEst](八月),august [C:`gQst](令人敬畏的,威严的),
[C] because,[au] kraut(泡菜), [B:] laugh,
air[ZE]air, chair, hair, pair, fair,
ai[ei]aid, aim, rain, afraid, wait, maid, straight, faith(信念,宗教信仰,忠实,),
aw[C:]draw, law, saw, awful, raw,
e--- ea[i:] teacher, tea, eat, meat, read, clean, heal, [e] bread, breakfast, head,[ei] great, break, steak,
ee[i:] meet, teeth, see, three, green, week, freezing, queen,
ei[ei] eight, weigh, weight,[i:]receive, ceiling, deceit(n.欺骗,谎言), deceive(v.欺骗,谎言), receipt(收条,收据,收到), perceive(v.察觉感知,感到), conceit (原义;自负,幻想),
er[E:]her, herd(兽群,牧群/放牧), emergency(紧急情况,紧急突发事件,非常时刻,), [E] teacher, sister,brother, farmer, worker, letter, over,
ear[iE] ear, hear, near, year, fear, earwig(偷听者), [ZE] pear, wear, swear(宣誓,发誓),
[E:] early, earth, earn,
ere[iE] here, sphere(球体),hemisphere(半球),[ZE] there, ere(prep/conj.前于...;在...以前),
eir[ZE] their,
eer[iE] beer, deer, cheer(欢呼/喝彩), sneer(冷笑,讥笑), jeer(讥讽嘲弄), engineer, ,
ey[ei]they, grey, hey,
ew[ju:]new, few, hew(砍), view(景色,风景,观点,见解), ewe(母羊),
i--- ir[E:] girl, sir, thirsty, shirt, skirt, first, thirty, whirl((使)旋转), stir(轰动,激起,搅动),
ie[i:] piece, niece(侄女,甥女), field, thief, believe, belief, achieve(完成,达到), chief(首领,领袖,酋长,长官//主要的,首要的,首席的,主任的), grief(悲痛,伤心事,不幸,忧伤), relief((痛苦等的)减轻),
ire[aiE] tire(轮胎；使劳累), tired(累的，疲劳的), wire(金属丝,电线),
igh[ai] right, light, fight, might(也许,或许;可能), night, knight,
o--- or[C:] or, for, fork, morning, short, torch, more,[E:] work, worker,[E]actor, doctor, forget,
oa[Eu]boat, coat, goat, goal,
oo[u:]school, food, too, room, tooth, spoon, moon, boot, root, wool, mood(心情,情绪,语气,状态),
[u] book, look, cook, good, football, foot[Q] blood, flood,
ou[au] house, blouse, trousers, mouse, mouth, south, ouch, out, our, hour, flour, sour, mountain,
[Q] young, touch, rough(粗糙的,粗略的,大致的,粗野的), [u:] you, through, rouge [ru:V](擦口红/胭脂), [u]would, could, should,[C:] cough,
ow[au] brown, down, how, now, towel, tower,[Eu] yellow, bowl, show, blow, snow, throw
oy/oi[Ci]boy, toy, enjoy, employ,// noise, noisy, toilet, oil, boil,
our[au] our, flour(面粉)[C:] your, four, course,
ore[C:] before, more, forehead, foresee,
oor[C:/ JE]/ door, floor, moor(荒野;停泊,系住),
u--- ur[E:]turn, Thursday, hurt, fur, urge, further, urban(城市的,市内的),suburb, suburbia(郊区居民),
urepicture, future[tFE],// sure[FuE],//pleasure, measure[VE],
ua[JE]usual, usually, February, graduate [`grAdJEt](大学)毕业生,研究生),
非组合发音：graduate [`grAdjJeit](v. (使)(大学)毕业),[jJE]January,
uy [ai] buy, guy,
五、音节、音节的结构和类型、音节划分、音节重音和拼读：
1.音节就是英文单词字母(或发音)的排列单位，一个单位算一节。连读起来轻重缓急，流利有节奏，便于听说阅读。
2.音节的结构、类型：口诀：完全结构头中尾(音头/音中/音尾)，元音字母占中央(包含组合)，缺头少尾有开闭(音节)，e尾/成音/r音节。
开音节/闭音节：以元音或不发音的e结尾的叫开音节，以辅音结尾的是闭音节。
开音节(词)：[以开音节结尾] a, area, tea, by, day, no, boy, buy, grey, ba*by, ru*ler, rub*ber, fa*ther, the, she, we, he, bee, ta*ble, ap*ple, name, bi*cy*cle, banana, orange, some,
闭音节(词)：bas*ket, bag, cap, class, miss, cross, rain, ti*red, bed, red, yes, egg, sit, it, begin(开始), hot, not, boat, boil(沸腾，煮沸，激动), cup, sun, cut, put, but, mutton(羊肉), meet, woman,
r音节：元音字母(a e i o u) + r构成的独立的音节，也可以前后加辅音字母共同构成音节。
例如：far(远的), arm, er(嗯~), her, tea*cher, ru*ler, sir, girl, stir(轰动,激起), or, for(为了，对于，因为，适合), short, fur(毛皮), turn, // article(文章), order(命令,定购,定制；次序,顺序,秩序), urgent(急迫的,紧急的), urban(城市的,市内的),
成音节：辅音字母(有时跟不发音/弱化音的元音字母)+ l, m, n,(常常带有不发音的e)可算作一个音节。
例如：label((贴)标签), pupil, pencil [sl], table, bicycle, little [tl], apple [pl],
people,
3.划分音节口诀：音节中心看母音，辅音要向两边站。中心之间辅音连，一靠后,二分手；多个中间偏左右，字母组合算一个(音)。多音节尾-l -m –n(e)，前有辅音成音节。
例子：学会一眼识破音节数目，运用语音规则，做到见字读音。
闭音节：pen [pen], cap [kAp], bas*ket [`bB:skit], green [gri:n], book [buk], and [And],eat [i:t],
开音节：he [hi:], she [Fi:], tea[ti:],my [mai], teacher[`ti:tFE], ready [`redi], July [`dVu(:)lai],
ruler[`ru:lE], her[hE:],
成音节：table [`teibl], apple [pl], bottle [tl], middle [dl], bicycle [`baisikl], pencil [sl],
seven [`sevn], eleven [i `lev(E)n],
不发音的e尾：come [kQm], please [pli:z], whose [hu:z], nice [nais], name [neim], give [giv],（开音节的外形，多读长音。）
4.单词重音（重音符号ˊ）：双音节和多音节词中常常重读一个音节，其它读轻音。遇到生词，有音标当然省事，但在无音标的情况下，至于哪个音节要重读，由于英语词源、构词、例外情况等诸多因素限制，不可能将每个生词读的完全无误。只能掌握的一般规律：
重音口诀：为了顺口有节奏，张口由大变到小(省气力)，大口/长音多重读，还要保持身平衡(整个单词发音)，特别写法长又多(特别是写法很长的多音节词)，倒数第三多琢磨。(一般是)前轻---中重----后又轻。哪儿平顺哪(儿)读重。
一般具体做法是：①单音节都重读；这类单词很多。例如：meet, and, class, which, house, bread
②双音节词▲(发长音或大口音重读,这类单词很多，例如：`teacher [`ti:tFE], `ruler [`ru:lE], `basket [`bB:skit], `apple [`Apl], `table [`teibl],tired [`taiEd], `lazy [`leizi], `open [`EupEn],// `sorry [`sCri], Ju`ly, pre`fer, po`lice, to`day,
▲(两音平(音长和张口大小接近的)开头重读;这类单词很多，例如：`rubber, `Sandy, `sandwich, `pencil, `brother, woman, `sister, `ready, `hungry, `very, `busy, `picture, `listen, `Betty, `empty, `pretty, clever [`klevE], letter [`letE],
▲(带前后缀多词根重读。例如：a`gain, a`loud, a`sleep, be`gin, be`fore, be`side, be`hind, /`quickly, `friendship, `boyish, `building,
④多音节词倒数第三个元音字母(音节)重读。带前后缀多词根重读。
例如：`Italy,(I`talian), A`merican, `beautiful, natio`nality, `exercise, `chocolate, `newspaper, // suddenly, inter`national, `championship, `countable, `interesting, mechano`therapy(力学疗法),
③合成词保持开头单词的重音：例如：policeman, `pencil-box, `football, `ice-cream, `classroom, `schoolboy, `postman, `milkman, `tea-pot, `Jack-in-the-box, `hide-and-`seek, `snakes-and-`ladders,
u小测试：给下列单词划分音节,并拼读出来。(单音节词下划线，多音节词用竖线分割。)
1).yes, here, sorry, yellow, football, brother, woman, sister, hungry, very, thirsty, busy, tired, picture, quickly, evening, empty, children, school, funny, actress, policewoman, open, clever, heavy, banana,2). exercise, beautiful, thick, light, small, French, German, English, Italian, American, letter, mother, street, colour, locker, dirty, towel, our, lady, twins. sandwich, duster, hurry, headmaster, playground,3).upstairs, perhaps, asleep, today, holiday, animal, lollipop, instead, biscuit, chocolate, minute, fine, shell, gate, near, under, newspaper, silly, beside, behind, between, together, attention, laugh, matter, 4). face, ear, aeroplane, goal, trousers, knife, chimney, water, make, turn, piece, easy, course, watch, basin, hopscotch, game, throw, stone, window, telescope, across, into, happen, present, birthday,
u注意：这语音方面的技能需要在下面不断练习，我们可以把教材里的单词多多练习。一有时间就拿起教材进行训练。天长日久，会取得你满意的效果。
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